Characterising arbitrary dark solitons in trapped one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates

TL;DR

This paper introduces a spectral method to detect and characterize dark solitons in one-dimensional trapped Bose-Einstein condensates, enabling analysis of soliton depth and character even in complex multi-soliton systems.

Contribution

It presents a novel spectral detection technique that maps density shifts in Fourier space to soliton depth, applicable to multi-soliton systems and robust against density engineering waves.

Findings

Spectral shift directly correlates with soliton depth in single-soliton systems.

Method effectively identifies solitons in multi-soliton configurations.

Detection remains accurate despite density engineering-induced waves.

Abstract

We present a method to detect the presence and depth of dark solitons within repulsive one-dimensional harmonically trapped Bose-Einstein condensates. For a system with one soliton, we prove that the shift of the density in Fourier space directly maps onto the depth of the soliton. For multi-soliton systems, combining our spectral method with established imaging techniques, the character of the solitons present in the condensate can be determined. We verify that the detection of solitons by the spectral shift works in the presence of waves induced by density engineering methods. Finally we discuss implications for vortex detection in three dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates.