Shock-powered radio precursors of neutron star mergers from accelerating relativistic binary winds

TL;DR

This paper models the radio precursors of neutron star mergers caused by accelerating relativistic binary winds, predicting observable signals that could precede gravitational wave detections, especially for high-inclination systems.

Contribution

It introduces a novel simulation framework combining relativistic hydrodynamics and shock maser spectra to predict radio signals from binary neutron star mergers.

Findings

Radio precursor bursts last 1-500 ms at GHz frequencies.

Fluence of the precursor can reach ~1 Jy·ms at 3 Gpc.

Signals are more detectable in high-inclination systems.

Abstract

During the final stages of a compact object merger, if at least one of the binary components is a magnetized neutron star (NS), then its orbital motion substantially expands the NS's open magnetic flux -- and hence increases its wind luminosity -- relative to that of an isolated pulsar. As the binary orbit shrinks due to gravitational radiation, the power and speed of this binary-induced inspiral wind may (depending on pair loading) secularly increase, leading to self-interaction and internal shocks in the outflow beyond the binary orbit. The magnetized forward shock can generate coherent radio emission via the synchrotron maser process, resulting in an observable radio precursor to binary NS merger. We perform 1D relativistic hydrodynamical simulations of shock interaction in the accelerating binary NS wind, assuming that the inspiral wind efficiently converts its Poynting flux into bulk kinetic energy prior to the shock radius. This is combined with the shock maser spectrum from particle-in-cell simulations, to generate synthetic radio light curves. The precursor burst with a fluence of $\sim1$ Jy$\cdot$ms at $\sim$GHz frequencies lasts $\sim 1-500$ ms following the merger for a source at $\sim3$ Gpc ($B_{\rm d}/10^{12}$ G)$^{8/9}$, where $B_{\rm d}$ is the dipole field strength of the more strongly-magnetized star. Given an outflow geometry concentrated along the binary equatorial, the signal may be preferentially observable for high-inclination systems, i.e. those least likely to produce a detectable gamma-ray burst.