Sub-Poissonian atom-number distributions by means of Rydberg dressing and electromagnetically induced transparency

TL;DR

This paper introduces a method combining Rydberg dressing and electromagnetically induced transparency to produce atomic ensembles with highly reduced, sub-Poissonian atom number fluctuations, nearly deterministic in size.

Contribution

It presents a novel approach to control atom number fluctuations in ensembles of both fermions and bosons using Rydberg interactions and EIT, enabling near-deterministic atom counts.

Findings

Variance reduced to 0.05 times the Poisson level

Method applicable to both fermionic and bosonic atoms

Numerical simulations confirm strong suppression of atom-number fluctuations

Abstract

A method is proposed to produce atomic ensembles with sub-Poissonian atom number distributions. The method consists of removing the excess atoms using the interatomic interactions induced by Rydberg dressing. The selective removal of atoms occurs via spontaneous decay into untrapped states using an electromagnetically induced transparency scheme. Ensembles with the desired number of atoms can be produced almost deterministically. Numerical simulations predict a strong reduction of the atom number fluctuations, with the variance twenty times less than the Poisson noise level (the predicted Fano factor is F = 0.05). Strikingly, the method is suitable for both fermions and bosons. It solves the problem of the atom-number fluctuations in bosons, whose weak interactions have usually been an obstacle to controlling the number of atoms.