Long time universality of black-hole lasers

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates the long-time universal behavior of black-hole lasers in flowing quantum gases, confirming a phase diagram and robustness across different models, thus aiding experimental identification.

Contribution

It introduces a realistic model for black-hole lasers, confirms a universal long-time phase diagram, and shows robustness of behavior across different potential profiles.

Findings

Existence of a well-defined long-time phase diagram.

Universality of long-time behavior across models.

Robustness of phase diagram despite different initial conditions.

Abstract

For flowing quantum gases, it has been found that at long times an initial black-hole laser (BHL) configuration exhibits only two possible states: the ground state or a periodic self-oscillating state of continuous emission of solitons. So far, all the works on this subject are based on a highly idealized model, quite difficult to implement experimentally. Here we study the instability spectrum and the time evolution of a recently proposed realistic model of a BHL, thus providing a useful theoretical tool for the clear identification of black-hole lasing in future experiments. We further confirm the existence of a well-defined phase diagram at long times, which bespeaks universality in the long-time behavior of a BHL. Additionally, we develop a complementary model in which the same potential profile is applied to a subsonic homogeneous flowing condensate that, despite not forming a BHL, evolves towards the same phase diagram as the associated BHL model. This result reveals an even stronger form of robustness in the long-time behavior with respect to the transient, which goes beyond what has been described in the previous literature.