The Dark Sector Cosmology

TL;DR

This paper reviews the current understanding of the Dark Sector, including Dark Matter and Dark Energy, emphasizing the importance of precise observations and theoretical developments to unravel the universe's most mysterious components.

Contribution

It extends previous reviews by incorporating a broader Dark Sector framework and discusses modern observational and theoretical methods to better understand dark components.

Findings

Highlighting the significance of precise measurements of the Dark Sector

Evaluation of new observational techniques at lower frequencies

Discussion of gravitational wave applications in Dark Sector studies

Abstract

The most important problem in fundamental physics is the description of the contents of the Universe. Today, we know that 95% thereof is totally unknown. Two thirds of that amount is the mysterious Dark Energy described in an interesting and important review. We briefly extend here the ideas contained in that review including the more general Dark Sector, that is, Dark Matter and Dark Energy, eventually composing a new physical Sector. Understanding the Dark Sector with precision is paramount for us to be able to understand all the other cosmological parameters comprehensively as modifications of the modelling could lead to potential biases of inferred parameters of the model, such as measurements of the Hubble constant and distance indicators such as the Baryon Acoustic Oscillations. We discuss several modern methods of observation that can disentangle the different possible descriptions of the Dark Sector. The possible application of some theoretical developments are also included in this paper as well as a more thorough evaluation of new observational techniques at lower frequencies and gravitational waves.