Uncertainty relations: curiosities and inconsistencies

TL;DR

This paper examines peculiar cases and inconsistencies in quantum uncertainty relations, including zero lower bounds and issues in PT-symmetric quantum theory, through detailed examples and rigorous analysis.

Contribution

It provides a rigorous analysis of special cases where uncertainty relations exhibit anomalies, including matrix examples and PT-symmetric quantum theory.

Findings

Existence of observable pairs with zero uncertainty product lower bounds.

Identification of inconsistencies in uncertainty relations in specific scenarios.

Analysis of uncertainty relations in PT-symmetric quantum theory.

Abstract

Analyzing general uncertainty relations one can find that there can exist such pairs of non-commuting observables $A$ and $B$ and such vectors that the lower bound for the product of standard deviations $\Delta A$ and $\Delta B$ calculated for these vectors is zero: $\Delta A\,\cdot\,\Delta B \geq 0$. Here we discuss examples of such cases and some other inconsistencies which can be found performing a rigorous analysis of the uncertainty relations in some special cases. As an illustration of such cases matrices $(2\times 2)$ and $(3 \times 3)$ and the position--momentum uncertainty relation for a quantum particle in the box are considered. The status of the uncertainty relation in $\cal PT$--symmetric quantum theory and the problems associated with it are also studied.