Biodegradable Polymeric Micro/Nano-Structures with Intrinsic Antifouling/Antimicrobial Properties:Relevance in Damaged Skin and Other Biomedical Applications

TL;DR

This review highlights biodegradable micro/nano-structures with inherent antifouling and antimicrobial properties, emphasizing their potential in preventing infections in skin-related biomedical applications without relying on antibiotics.

Contribution

It synthesizes recent advances in degradable polymeric micro/nano-structures with intrinsic antimicrobial features for skin and biomedical device applications.

Findings

Biodegradable micro/nano-structures exhibit intrinsic antifouling properties.

Surface properties can prevent bacterial colonization without drugs.

Clinical applications include ear prostheses and breast implants.

Abstract

Bacterial colonization ofimplanted biomedical devicesis themain cause of healthcare-associated infections, estimated to be 8.8 million per year in Europe. Many infections originate from damaged skin, which lets microorganisms exploit injuries and surgical accesses as passageways to reach the implant site and inner organs. Therefore, an effective treatment of skin damage is highly desirable for the success of many biomaterial-related surgical procedures. Due to gained resistance to antibiotics, new antibacterial treatments are becoming vital to control nosocomial infections arising as surgical and post-surgical complications. Surface coatings can avoid biofouling and bacterial colonization thanks to biomaterial inherent properties (e.g., super hydrophobicity), specifically without using drugs, which may cause bacterial resistance. The focus of this review is to highlight the emerging role of degradable polymeric micro- and nano-structures that show intrinsic antifouling and antimicrobial properties, with a special outlook towards biomedical applications dealing with skin and skin damage. The intrinsic properties owned by the biomaterials encompass three main categories: (1) physical-mechanical, (2) chemical, and (3) electrostatic. Clinical relevance in ear prostheses and breast implants is reported. Collecting and discussing the updated outcomes in this field would help the development of better performing biomaterial-based antimicrobial strategies, which are useful to prevent infections.