Thixotropy in Viscoplastic Drop Impact on Thin Films

TL;DR

This study investigates how thixotropic aging affects drop impact dynamics of yield-stress fluids on coated surfaces, revealing that aging suppresses splashing and influences flow behavior during impact.

Contribution

It introduces a modified dimensionless group to account for thixotropic aging effects, highlighting the importance of yield stress changes in impact dynamics.

Findings

Aging suppresses drop splashing in yield-stress fluids.

Modified dimensionless group accounts for thixotropic effects.

Yield stress increases with aging, affecting impact behavior.

Abstract

We use high-speed imaging to study the effect of thixotropic aging in drop impact of yield-stress fluids on pre-coated substrates. Our results reveal that drop splashing is suppressed for "aged" compared to "unaged" samples, indicating that thixotropic breakdown timescales during impact are long enough to affect the dynamics. We propose and test several hypotheses for modifying the dimensionless group ${\rm IF}(D/t)$ [1,2] to account for thixotropic aging. The main challenge is that the steady flow properties (Herschel-Bulkley model parameters) used in the current dimensionless group cannot be defined or measured for thixotropically aged samples, because any deformation inherently rejuvenates and breaks down the microstructure. We find the most suitable hypothesis is to only increase the yield stress ($\sigma_{\rm y}$, plastic component) based on the storage modulus of aged samples, while keeping the viscous parameters ($K$ or $\eta_{\infty}$) constant. The work reveals fundamental insight into rarely studied short-timescale flow conditions with thixotropic effects. These results are important for applications such as fire suppression or spray coating that involve complex fluids of varying degrees of thixotropic aging.