Plant and Controller Optimization for Power and Energy Systems with Model Predictive Control

TL;DR

This paper develops a hybrid electric vehicle model and integrates model predictive control into control co-design, significantly improving system efficiency and reducing component sizes and errors in electrified mobility systems.

Contribution

It introduces a novel HEV model suitable for plant and MPC optimization and demonstrates the benefits of combined optimization within a CCD framework.

Findings

Component sizes reduced by over 60%

Performance metric errors decreased by over 50%

Effective integration of MPC in CCD for electrified systems

Abstract

This article explores the optimization of plant characteristics and controller parameters for electrified mobility. Electrification of mobile transportation systems, such as automobiles and aircraft, presents the ability to improve key performance metrics such as efficiency and cost. However, the strong bidirectional coupling between electrical and thermal dynamics within new components creates integration challenges, increasing component degradation and reducing performance. Diminishing these issues requires novel plant designs and control strategies. The electrified mobility literature provides prior studies on plant and controller optimization, known as control co-design (CCD). A void within these studies is the lack of model predictive control (MPC), recognized to manage multi-domain dynamics for electrified systems, within CCD frameworks. This article addresses this through three contributions. First, a thermo-electro-mechanical hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) model is developed that is suitable for both plant optimization and MPC. Second, simultaneous plant and controller optimization is performed for this multi-domain system. Third, MPC is integrated within a CCD framework using the candidate HEV model. Results indicate that optimizing both the plant and MPC parameters simultaneously can reduce physical component sizes by over 60% and key performance metric errors by over 50%.