Improvement of Converter Surface Plasma Sources

TL;DR

This paper presents enhancements to a large-volume surface plasma source for linear accelerators, focusing on reducing gas and plasma layers to double the H- ion beam intensity.

Contribution

It introduces a modified SPS design utilizing a thin Penning discharge with permanent magnets to improve H- beam generation efficiency.

Findings

H- beam current increased up to 18 mA at 10% duty cycle

H- generation efficiency doubled with proposed modifications

Beam loss reduced by decreasing plasma layer thickness

Abstract

A large volume surface plasma source (SPS) with a biased converter was developed for the Los Alamos linear accelerator. A large gas-discharge chamber with a multipole magnetic wall and 2 heated cathodes can support a discharge generating plasma. A cooled converter with a diameter of 5 cm and a potential of up to -300 V bombarded by positive ions and emits secondary negative ions, accelerates them and focuses in an emission aperture with a diameter of 6.4 mm. From this SPS, up to 18 mA of H- ions are extracted at a duty cycle of up to 10%. The emitted H- beam current is attenuated through H- destruction in thick layer of gas and discharge plasma. The H- beam intensity and H- generation efficiency can be increased by decreasing the gas and plasma layer thickness between the converter surface and the emission aperture. It is possible to improve beam characteristics by making a small modification to the converted SPS. We propose to use a thin Penning discharge in front of the converter. The magnetic field for the Penning discharge is created by permanent magnets. Decreasing the plasma end gas layer between the converter and the emission aperture can decrease the H- beam loss and thus increase the extracted beam intensity up to 2 times