Accuracy of meteor positioning from space-and ground-based observations

TL;DR

This paper evaluates the accuracy of stereoscopic meteor position measurements using space and ground-based cameras, identifying key factors affecting precision and optimal system configurations.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed error analysis for space-ground meteor triangulation and specifies system requirements for improved accuracy.

Findings

High-accuracy sensors are essential for 1 km positioning precision.

Optimal geometry occurs at approximately 30 degrees elevation.

Satellite attitude and orbit accuracy significantly impact measurement precision.

Abstract

Aims. The knowledge of the orbits and origins derived from meteors is important for the study of meteoroids and of the early solar system. With an increase in nano-satellite projects dedicated to Earth observations or directly to meteor observations (e.g., the Meteorix CubeSat), we investigate the stereoscopic measurement of meteor positions using a pair of cameras, one deployed in space and one on the ground, and aim to understand the accuracy and the main driving factors. This study will reveal the requirements for system setups and the geometry favorable for meteor triangulation. Methods. This Letter presents the principle of the stereoscopic measurement from space and the ground, and an error analysis. Specifically, the impacts of the resolutions of the cameras, the attitude and orbit determination accuracy of the satellite, and the geometry formed by the moving target and observers are investigated. Results. To reach a desirable positioning accuracy of 1 km it is necessary to equip the satellite with high-accuracy sensors (e.g., star tracker and GPS receiver) to perform fine attitude and orbit determination. The best accuracy can occur when the target is at an elevation of 30 deg. with respect to the ground station.