Evidence of the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless Phase in a Frustrated Magnet

TL;DR

This paper provides experimental evidence of the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) phase in a 2D frustrated magnet, using nuclear magnetic resonance and quantum Monte Carlo simulations to identify and characterize the BKT transition.

Contribution

It is the first direct detection of a BKT phase in a magnetic material, combining experimental measurements with theoretical simulations for validation.

Findings

Identification of two transitions bounding the BKT phase

Observation of critical scaling in magnetic susceptibility

Confirmation of BKT phase via quantum Monte Carlo simulations

Abstract

The Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) mechanism, building upon proliferation of topological defects in 2D systems, is the first example of phase transition beyond the Landau-Ginzburg paradigm of symmetry breaking. Such a topological phase transition has long been sought yet undiscovered directly in magnetic materials. Here, we pin down two transitions that bound a BKT phase in an ideal 2D frustrated magnet TmMgGaO$_4$, via nuclear magnetic resonance under in-plane magnetic fields, which do not disturb the low-energy electronic states and allow BKT fluctuations to be detected sensitively. Moreover, by applying out-of-plane fields, we find a critical scaling behaviour of the magnetic susceptibility expected for the BKT transition. The experimental findings can be explained by quantum Monte Carlo simulations applied on an accurate triangular-lattice Ising model of the compound which hosts a BKT phase. These results provide a concrete example for the BKT phase and offer an ideal platform for future investigations on the BKT physics in magnetic materials.