Isoenergetic Two-Photon Excitation Enhances Solvent-to-Solute Excited-State Proton Transfer

TL;DR

This study demonstrates that two-photon excitation can significantly enhance solvent-to-solute proton transfer reactivity compared to one-photon excitation, with implications for precise control of chemical reactions.

Contribution

The paper reveals that differences in two-photon absorption matrix elements lead to increased reactivity in isoenergetic TPE versus OPE, supported by experimental and high-level computational analysis.

Findings

Up to 62% increased reactivity with TPE

Spectroscopic similarity in non-polar solvents

Matrix element effects influence excitation and reactivity

Abstract

Two-photon excitation is an attractive means for controlling chemistry in both space and time. Isoenergetic one- and two-photon excitations (OPE and TPE) in non-centrosymmetric molecules are often assumed to reach the same excited state and, hence, to produce similar excited-state reactivity. We compare the solvent-to-solute excited-state proton transfer of the super photobase FR0-SB following isoenergetic OPE and TPE. We find up to 62 % increased reactivity following TPE compared to OPE. From steady-state spectroscopy, we rule out the involvement of different excited states and find that OPE and TPE spectra are identical in non-polar solvents but not in polar ones. We propose that differences in the matrix elements that contribute to the two-photon absorption cross sections lead to the observed enhanced isoenergetic reactivity, consistent with the predictions of our high-level coupled-cluster-based computational protocol. We find that polar solvent configurations favor greater dipole moment change between ground and excited states, which enters the probability for two-photon excitations as the absolute value squared. This, in turn, causes a difference in the Franck-Condon region reached via TPE compared to OPE. We conclude that a new method has been found for controlling chemical reactivity via the matrix elements that affect two-photon cross sections, which may be of great utility for spatial and temporal precision chemistry.