A gauge invariant order parameter for monopole condensation in $QCD$ vacuum

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new gauge-invariant order parameter for monopole condensation in QCD vacuum, enabling clearer detection of dual superconductivity as the confinement mechanism.

Contribution

It develops a gauge-invariant order parameter from scratch, free of infrared issues, and relates confinement to a finite correlation length in gauge-invariant correlators.

Findings

New gauge-invariant order parameter for monopole condensation

Unambiguous detection of dual superconductivity in lattice simulations

Link between confinement and finite correlation length in chromo-electric correlators

Abstract

In this paper we improve the existing order parameter for monopole condensation in gauge theory vacuum, making it gauge-invariant from scratch and free of the spurious infrared problems which plagued the old one. Computing the new parameter on the lattice will unambiguously detect weather dual superconductivity is the mechanism for color confinement. As a byproduct we relate confinement to the existence of a finite correlation length in the gauge-invariant correlator of chromo-electric field strengths.