Using Unreal Engine to Visualize a Cosmological Volume

TL;DR

This paper introduces 'Astera', a real-time 3D cosmological visualization tool built with Unreal Engine 4, enabling immersive exploration of the large-scale universe with accurate galaxy placement and structure.

Contribution

The work presents a novel real-time visualization system for cosmological data using Unreal Engine, combining empirical galaxy data with high-performance rendering techniques.

Findings

Real-time rendering of a large-scale universe with accurate galaxy placement

Integration of empirical data from N-Body simulations and SDSS images

Efficient GPU-accelerated visualization enabling interactive exploration

Abstract

In this work we present `Astera', a cosmological visualization tool that renders a mock universe in real time using Unreal Engine 4. The large scale structure of the cosmic web is hard to visualize in two dimensions, and a 3D real time projection of this distribution allows for an unprecedented view of the large scale universe, with visually accurate galaxies placed in a dynamic 3D world. The underlying data are based on empirical relations assigned using results from N-Body dark matter simulations, and are matched to galaxies with similar morphologies and sizes, images of which are extracted from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Within Unreal Engine 4, galaxy images are transformed into textures and dynamic materials (with appropriate transparency) that are applied to static mesh objects with appropriate sizes and locations. To ensure excellent performance, these static meshes are `instanced' to utilize the full capabilities of a graphics processing unit. Additional components include a dynamic system for representing accelerated-time active galactic nuclei. The end result is a visually realistic large scale universe that can be explored by a user in real time, with accurate large scale structure. Astera is not yet ready for public release, but we are exploring options to make different versions of the code available for both research and outreach applications.