Scaling Laws for Dynamic Solar Loops

TL;DR

This paper extends classic static coronal loop scaling laws to dynamic loops with enthalpy flux, revealing that for collision-dominated conduction the laws are similar to static cases but depend on flow Mach number, with turbulence altering these relations.

Contribution

It introduces a generalized set of scaling laws for dynamic solar loops, incorporating enthalpy flux and Mach number effects, expanding the static models to more realistic dynamic conditions.

Findings

Scaling laws for dynamic loops match static ones under collision-dominated conduction.

Mach number influences the proportionality constants in the scaling laws.

Turbulent thermal conduction limits the Mach number for enthalpy fluxes.

Abstract

The scaling laws which relate the peak temperature $T_M$ and volumetric heating rate $E_H$ to the pressure $P$ and length $L$ for static coronal loops were established over 40 years ago; they have proved to be of immense value in a wide range of studies. Here we extend these scaling laws to {\it dynamic} loops, where enthalpy flux becomes important to the energy balance, and study impulsive heating/filling characterized by upward enthalpy flows. We show that for collision-dominated thermal conduction, the functional dependencies of the scaling laws are the same as for the static case, when the radiative losses scale as $T^{-1/2}$, but with a different constant of proportionality that depends on the Mach number $M$ of the flow. The dependence on the Mach number is such that the scaling laws for low to moderate Mach number flows are almost indistinguishable from the static case. When thermal conduction is limited by turbulent processes, however, the much weaker dependence of the scattering mean free path (and hence thermal conduction coefficient) on temperature leads to a limiting Mach number for return enthalpy fluxes driven by thermal conduction between the corona and chromosphere.