First-order methods for problems with O(1) functional constraints can have almost the same convergence rate as for unconstrained problems

TL;DR

This paper shows that for problems with a fixed small number of functional constraints, first-order methods can achieve convergence rates similar to unconstrained problems, challenging previous beliefs about slower convergence due to constraints.

Contribution

The paper demonstrates that when the number of functional constraints is constant, first-order methods can attain near-unconstrained convergence rates without projections, and provides improved complexity bounds under certain conditions.

Findings

FOMs can have near-unconstrained convergence rates with O(1) constraints.

The convergence rate improves when the number of constraints is small relative to the accuracy.

Experimental results support the theoretical findings.

Abstract

First-order methods (FOMs) have recently been applied and analyzed for solving problems with complicated functional constraints. Existing works show that FOMs for functional constrained problems have lower-order convergence rates than those for unconstrained problems. In particular, an FOM for a smooth strongly-convex problem can have linear convergence, while it can only converge sublinearly for a constrained problem if the projection onto the constraint set is prohibited. In this paper, we point out that the slower convergence is caused by the large number of functional constraints but not the constraints themselves. When there are only $m=O(1)$ functional constraints, we show that an FOM can have almost the same convergence rate as that for solving an unconstrained problem, even without the projection onto the feasible set. In addition, given an $\varepsilon>0$, we show that a complexity result that is better than a lower bound can be obtained, if there are only $m=o(\varepsilon^{-\frac{1}{2}})$ functional constraints. Our result is surprising but does not contradict to the existing lower complexity bound, because we focus on a specific subclass of problems. Experimental results on quadratically-constrained quadratic programs demonstrate our theory.