A Broadband Digital Spectrometer for the Deep Space Network

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new broadband digital spectrometer deployed at the Deep Space Network's Canberra station, significantly enhancing radio astronomy capabilities with high spectral resolution and large bandwidth for deep space and interstellar observations.

Contribution

The paper presents a novel high-resolution digital spectrometer with 16 GHz bandwidth and dual firmware modes, improving spectral analysis for radio astronomy at the DSN.

Findings

Successfully deployed at CDSCC in 2019

Enables simultaneous observation of multiple spectral lines

Preliminary mapping of hydrogen RRLs in Orion KL

Abstract

The Deep Space Network (DSN) enables NASA to communicate with its spacecraft in deep space. By virtue of its large antennas, the DSN can also be used as a powerful instrument for radio astronomy. Specifically, Deep Space Station (DSS) 43, the 70 m antenna at the Canberra Deep Space Communications Complex (CDSCC) has a K-band radio astronomy system covering a 10 GHz bandwidth at 17 GHz to 27 GHz. This spectral range covers a number of atomic and molecular lines, produced in a rich variety of interstellar gas conditions. Lines include hydrogen radio recombination lines (RRLs), cyclopropenylidene, water masers, and ammonia. A new high-resolution spectrometer was deployed at CDSCC in November 2019 and connected to the K-band downconverter. The spectrometer has a total bandwidth of 16 GHz. Such a large total bandwidth enables, for example, the simultaneous observations of a large number of RRLs, which can be combined together to significantly improve the sensitivity of these observations. The system has two firmware modes: 1) A 65k-pt FFT to provide 32768 spectral channels at 30.5 kHz and 2) A 16k-pt polyphase filterbank (PFB) to provide 8192 spectral channels with 122 kHz resolution. The observation process is designed to maximize autonomy, from the Principle Investigator's inputs to the output data in FITS file format. We present preliminary mapping observations of hydrogen RRLs in Orion KL mapping taken using the new spectrometer.