Coaxial multi-mode cavities for fundamental SRF research in an unprecedented parameter space

TL;DR

This paper introduces two novel coaxial multi-mode cavities designed for fundamental SRF research, enabling exploration of TEM mode cavities across a broad parameter space with unique insights into RF loss mechanisms.

Contribution

The paper presents the design, construction, and initial testing of two purpose-built TEM mode cavities, expanding research capabilities in superconducting RF technology beyond high-frequency elliptical cavities.

Findings

First performance measurements of the cavities are reported.

The cavities enable testing at fundamental and harmonic modes.

Insights into RF loss mechanisms are gained from initial tests.

Abstract

Recent developments in superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) research have focused primarily on high frequency elliptical cavities for electron accelerators. Advances have been made in both reducing RF surface resistance and pushing the readily achievable accelerating gradient by using novel SRF cavity treatments including surface processing, custom heat treatments, and flux expulsion. Despite the global demand for SRF based hadron accelerators, the advancement of TEM mode cavities has lagged behind. To address this, two purpose-built research cavities, one quarter-wave and one half-wave resonator, have been designed and built to allow characterization of TEM-mode cavities with standard and novel surface treatments. The cavities are intended as the TEM mode equivalent to the 1.3GHz single cell cavity, which is the essential tool for high frequency cavity research. Given their coaxial structure, the cavities allow testing at the fundamental mode and higher harmonics, giving unique insight into the role of RF frequency on fundamental loss mechanisms from intrinsic and extrinsic sources. In this paper, the cavities and testing infrastructure are described and the first performance measurements of both cavities are presented.