Finding Signs of Life on Earth-like Planets: High-resolution Transmission Spectra of Earth through time around FGKM stars
L. Kaltenegger, Z. Lin, S. Rugheimer

TL;DR
This paper provides a comprehensive high-resolution transmission spectra database of Earth-like planets at different geological stages and around various star types, aiding the search for extraterrestrial biosignatures.
Contribution
It introduces the first extensive spectral database for Earth-like planets throughout Earth's history and around diverse host stars, supporting observational strategies for detecting signs of life.
Findings
Biosignature pairs O2 + CH4 and O3 + CH4 indicate biospheres at 1% modern oxygen levels.
Spectral features vary with Earth's atmospheric evolution and host star type.
The database covers 0.4 to 20 microns and is publicly available for research and observation planning.
Abstract
The search for life in the universe mainly uses modern Earth as a template. However, we know that Earth's atmospheric composition changed significantly through its geological evolution. Recent discoveries show that transiting, potentially Earth-like exoplanets orbit a wide range of host stars, which strongly influence their atmospheric composition and remotely detectable spectra. Thus, a database for transiting terrestrial exoplanet around different host stars at different geological times is a crucial missing ingredient to support observational searches for signs of life in exoplanet atmospheres. Here, we present the first high-resolution transmission spectra database for Earth-like planets, orbiting a wide range of host stars, throughout four representative stages of Earth's history. These correspond to a prebiotic high CO2-world - about 3.9 billion years ago in Earth's history - and…
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