Second Order Operators in the NASA Astrophysics Data System
Michael J. Kurtz, Roman Chyla (for the ADS Team)

TL;DR
This paper introduces Second Order Operators (SOOs) in the NASA Astrophysics Data System, which enable complex secondary queries based on attributes of initial query results, enhancing data investigation capabilities.
Contribution
It details four specific SOOs implemented in ADS—reviews, useful, trending, and similar—and explains their use for advanced data analysis.
Findings
Four SOOs implemented in ADS: reviews, useful, trending, similar
SOOs enable complex secondary queries based on initial results
Tutorial aids scientists in utilizing ADS more effectively
Abstract
Second Order Operators (SOOs) are database functions which form secondary queries based on attributes of the objects returned in an initial query; they can provide powerful methods to investigate complex, multipartite information graphs. The NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) has implemented four SOOs, reviews, useful, trending, and similar which use the citations, references, downloads, and abstract text. This tutorial describes these operators in detail, both alone and in conjunction with other functions. It is intended for scientists and others who wish to make fuller use of the ADS database. Basic knowledge of the ADS is assumed.
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