Valid inequalities, preprocessing, and an effective heuristic for the uncapacitated three-level lot-sizing and replenishment problem with a distribution structure

TL;DR

This paper introduces new valid inequalities, a preprocessing method, and an effective heuristic to improve solving the uncapacitated three-level lot-sizing and replenishment problem with a distribution structure, which is NP-hard.

Contribution

The paper develops novel valid inequalities for both standard and extended MIP formulations, along with a preprocessing approach and a multi-start heuristic, enhancing solution efficiency and accuracy.

Findings

Extended formulation yields tighter bounds.

Valid inequalities improve branch-and-cut performance.

Heuristic achieves low gaps quickly on large instances.

Abstract

We consider the uncapacitated three-level lot-sizing and replenishment problem with a distribution structure. In this NP-hard problem, a single production plant sends the produced items to replenish warehouses from where they are dispatched to the retailers in order to satisfy their demands over a finite planning horizon. The goal of the problem is to determine an integrated production and distribution plan minimizing the total costs, which comprehends fixed production and transportation setup as well as variable inventory holding costs. We describe new valid inequalities both in the space of a standard mixed integer programming (MIP) formulation and in that of a new alternative extended MIP formulation. We show that using such extended formulation, valid inequalities having similar structures to those in the standard one allow achieving tighter linear relaxation bounds. Furthermore, we propose a preprocessing approach to reduce the size of a multi-commodity MIP formulation and a multi-start randomized bottom-up dynamic programming based heuristic. Computational experiments indicate that the use of the valid inequalities in a branch-and-cut approach significantly increase the ability of a MIP solver to solve instances to optimality. Additionally, the valid inequalities for the extended formulation outperform those for the standard one in terms of number of solved instances, running time and number of enumerated nodes. Moreover, the proposed heuristic is able to generate solutions with considerably low optimality gaps within very short computational times even for large instances. Combining the preprocessing approach with the heuristic, one can achieve an increase in the number of solutions solved to optimality within the time limit together with significant reductions on the average times for solving them.