Efficient Construction of a Control Modular Adder on a Carry-Lookahead Adder Using Relative-phase Toffoli Gates

TL;DR

This paper presents an optimized control modular adder for quantum computers using relative-phase Toffoli gates, significantly reducing T and CNOT gate costs on both fault-tolerant and NISQ quantum architectures.

Contribution

It introduces a novel control modular adder that minimizes T and CNOT gate costs using relative-phase Toffoli gates, improving efficiency over previous designs.

Findings

T gate count reduced to 20% of original in FTQ

CNOT gate count reduced to 35% of original in NISQ

KQ metrics significantly improved, enabling more efficient quantum arithmetic

Abstract

Control modular addition is a core arithmetic function, and we must consider the computational cost for actual quantum computers to realize efficient implementation. To achieve a low computational cost in a control modular adder, we focus on minimizing KQ, defined by the product of the number of qubits and the depth of the circuit. In this paper, we construct an efficient control modular adder with small KQ by using relative-phase Toffoli gates in two major types of quantum computers: Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computers (FTQ) on the Logical layer and Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum Computers (NISQ). We give a more efficient construction compared to Van Meter and Itoh's, based on a carry-lookahead adder. In FTQ, $T$ gates incur heavy cost due to distillation, which fabricates ancilla for running $T$ gates with high accuracy but consumes a lot of specially prepared ancilla qubits and a lot of time. Thus, we must reduce the number of $T$ gates. We propose a new control modular adder that uses only 20% of the number of $T$ gates of the original. Moreover, when we take distillation into consideration, we find that we minimize $\text{KQ}_{T}$ (the product of the number of qubits and $T$-depth) by running $\Theta\left(n / \sqrt{\log n} \right)$ $T$ gates simultaneously. In NISQ, CNOT gates are the major error source. We propose a new control modular adder that uses only 35% of the number of CNOT gates of the original. Moreover, we show that the $\text{KQ}_{\text{CX}}$ (the product of the number of qubits and CNOT-depth) of our circuit is 38% of the original. Thus, we realize an efficient control modular adder, improving prospects for the efficient execution of arithmetic in quantum computers.