The enigmatic globular cluster UKS~1 obscured by the bulge: \textit{H}-band discovery of nitrogen-enhanced stars

TL;DR

This study reveals nitrogen-enhanced stars and confirms multiple stellar populations in the obscured bulge globular cluster UKS~1 through infrared spectroscopy, providing new insights into its metallicity, kinematics, and chemical diversity.

Contribution

First detailed spectroscopic analysis of UKS~1 using infrared data, demonstrating the presence of multiple stellar populations and refining its metallicity and kinematic properties.

Findings

UKS~1 has a mean metallicity of [Fe/H] = -0.98, more metal-poor than previously thought.

Strong evidence of nitrogen-enriched stars indicating multiple populations.

Chemical abundances are consistent with other globular clusters at similar metallicity.

Abstract

The presence of nitrogen-enriched stars in globular clusters provides key evidence for multiple stellar populations (MPs), as has been demonstrated with globular cluster spectroscopic data towards the bulge, disk, and halo. In this work, we employ the VVV Infrared Astrometric Catalogue (VIRAC) and the DR16 SDSS-IV release of the APOGEE survey to provide the first detailed spectroscopic study of the bulge globular cluster UKS~1. Based on these data, a sample of six selected cluster members was studied. We find the mean metallicity of UKS~1 to be [Fe/H]$=-0.98\pm0.11$, considerably more metal-poor than previously reported, and a negligible metallicity scatter, typical of that observed by APOGEE in other Galactic globular clusters. In addition, we find a mean radial velocity of $66.1\pm12.9$ km s$^{-1}$, which is in good agreement with literature values, within 1$\sigma$. By selecting stars in the VIRAC catalogue towards UKS~1, we also measure a mean proper motion of ($\mu_{\alpha}\cos(\delta)$, $\mu_{\delta}$) $=$ ($-2.77\pm0.23$,$-2.43\pm0.16$) mas yr$^{-1}$. We find strong evidence for the presence of MPs in UKS~1, since four out of the six giants analysed in this work have strong enrichment in nitrogen ([N/Fe]$\gtrsim+0.95$) accompanied by lower carbon abundances ([C/Fe]$\lesssim-0.2$). Overall, the light- (C, N), $\alpha$- (O, Mg, Si, Ca, Ti), Fe-peak (Fe, Ni), Odd-Z (Al, K), and the \textit{s}-process (Ce, Nd, Yb) elemental abundances of our member candidates are consistent with those observed in globular clusters at similar metallicity. Furthermore, the overall star-to-star abundance scatter of elements exhibiting the multiple-population phenomenon in UKS~1 is typical of that found in other global clusters (GCs), and larger than the typical errors of some [X/Fe] abundances. Results from statistical isochrone fits in the VVV colour-magnitude diagrams indicate an age ...