On Semi-Invariants of a Matrix

TL;DR

This paper classifies all semi-invariant polynomials of a non-singular matrix over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero, providing a canonical basis for these polynomials.

Contribution

It introduces a canonical basis to classify semi-invariant polynomials of a matrix, extending understanding of their structure.

Findings

Explicit classification of semi-invariant polynomials

Construction of a canonical basis for these polynomials

Generalization to matrices over algebraically closed fields

Abstract

For an algebraically closed field $K$ of characteristic zero and a non-singular matrix $A\in \mbox{GL}_n(K)$, a semi-invariant polynomial of $A$ is defined to be a polynomial $p(x)=p(x_1,\dots,x_n)$ with coefficients in $K$ such that $p(xA)=\lambda p(x)$ for some $\lambda\in K$. In this article, we classify all semi-invariant polynomials of $A$ in terms of a canonically constructed basis that will be made precise in the text.