Relativistic Gravitational Collapse by Thermal Mass

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that in self-gravitating systems, there exists a critical temperature at which thermal energy cannot prevent gravitational collapse, highlighting a fundamental limit to thermal stabilization.

Contribution

It introduces a temperature threshold concept showing thermal energy can be overcome by gravity, leading to collapse, based on mass-energy equivalence.

Findings

Existence of a temperature threshold for collapse

Thermal energy can induce collapse despite stabilizing effects

Gravitational effects of thermal mass dominate above the threshold

Abstract

Gravity and thermal energy are universal phenomena which compete over the stabilization of astrophysical systems. The former induces an inward pressure driving collapse and the latter a stabilizing outward pressure generated by random motion and energy dispersion. Since a contracting self-gravitating system is heated up one may wonder why is gravitational collapse not halted in all cases at a sufficient high temperature establishing either a gravo-thermal equilibrium or explosion. Here, based on the equivalence between mass and energy, we show that there always exists a temperature threshold beyond which the gravitation of thermal energy overcomes its stabilizing pressure and the system collapses under the weight of its own heat.