Two-nucleon S-wave interactions at the $SU(3)$ flavor-symmetric point with $m_{ud}\simeq m_s^{\rm phys}$: a first lattice QCD calculation with the stochastic Laplacian Heaviside method

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel stochastic Laplacian Heaviside method in lattice QCD to analyze two-nucleon interactions, providing new insights into bound state existence at heavy pion masses.

Contribution

It is the first application of the stochastic Laplacian Heaviside method to two-nucleon systems in lattice QCD, enabling better eigenstate analysis and addressing longstanding discrepancies.

Findings

Spectrum disfavors bound states in deuteron and dineutron channels

Method allows construction of positive definite two-nucleon correlation functions

Variational analysis enhances eigenstate identification

Abstract

We report on the first application of the stochastic Laplacian Heaviside method for computing multi-particle interactions with lattice QCD to the two-nucleon system. Like the Laplacian Heaviside method, this method allows for the construction of interpolating operators which can be used to construct a positive definite set of two-nucleon correlation functions, unlike nearly all other applications of lattice QCD to two nucleons in the literature. It also allows for a variational analysis in which optimal linear combinations of the interpolating operators are formed that couple predominantly to the eigenstates of the system. Utilizing such methods has become of paramount importance in order to help resolve the discrepancy in the literature on whether two nucleons in either isospin channel form a bound state at pion masses heavier than physical, with the discrepancy persisting even in the $SU(3)$-flavor symmetric point with all quark masses near the physical strange quark mass. This is the first in a series of papers aimed at resolving this discrepancy. In the present work, we employ the stochastic Laplacian Heaviside method without a hexaquark operator in the basis at a lattice spacing of $a\sim0.086$~fm, lattice volume of $L=48a\simeq4.1$~fm and pion mass $m_\pi\simeq714$ MeV. With this setup, the observed spectrum of two-nucleon energy levels strongly disfavors the presence of a bound state in either the deuteron or dineutron channel.