Whole Slide Images based Cancer Survival Prediction using Attention Guided Deep Multiple Instance Learning Networks

TL;DR

This paper introduces DeepAttnMISL, a novel deep learning framework using attention-based multiple instance learning for scalable and interpretable cancer survival prediction from whole slide images, outperforming existing methods.

Contribution

It proposes a new attention-guided MIL approach with siamese MI-FCN for efficient, scalable, and interpretable survival prediction from WSIs, addressing limitations of previous models.

Findings

Outperforms existing survival prediction models on large datasets.

Provides better interpretability in identifying important image features.

Effective in assessing individual patient risk for personalized medicine.

Abstract

Traditional image-based survival prediction models rely on discriminative patch labeling which make those methods not scalable to extend to large datasets. Recent studies have shown Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) framework is useful for histopathological images when no annotations are available in classification task. Different to the current image-based survival models that limit to key patches or clusters derived from Whole Slide Images (WSIs), we propose Deep Attention Multiple Instance Survival Learning (DeepAttnMISL) by introducing both siamese MI-FCN and attention-based MIL pooling to efficiently learn imaging features from the WSI and then aggregate WSI-level information to patient-level. Attention-based aggregation is more flexible and adaptive than aggregation techniques in recent survival models. We evaluated our methods on two large cancer whole slide images datasets and our results suggest that the proposed approach is more effective and suitable for large datasets and has better interpretability in locating important patterns and features that contribute to accurate cancer survival predictions. The proposed framework can also be used to assess individual patient's risk and thus assisting in delivering personalized medicine. Codes are available at https://github.com/uta-smile/DeepAttnMISL_MEDIA.