Engineering photonic environments for two-dimensional materials

TL;DR

This paper reviews how engineering the photonic environment around two-dimensional materials can modify their optical properties, offering a versatile approach to enhance light-matter interactions without altering the materials themselves.

Contribution

It introduces and discusses the concept of engineering photonic surroundings, including dielectric and metallic environments, to control 2D material properties, highlighting recent developments and potential applications.

Findings

Interaction with environment can be highly efficient for atomically thin materials.

Three degrees of interaction: weak coupling, strong coupling, multi-functionality.

Patterned photonic environments enable direct engineering of 2D material properties.

Abstract

A fascinating photonic platform with a small device scale, fast operating speed, as well as low energy consumption is two-dimensional (2D) materials, thanks to their in-plane crystalline structures and out-of-plane quantum confinement. The key to further advancement in this research field is the ability to modify the optical properties of the 2D materials. The modifications typically come from the materials themselves, for example, altering their chemical compositions. This article reviews a comparably less explored but promising means, through engineering the photonic surroundings. Rather than modifying materials themselves, this means manipulates the dielectric and metallic environments, both uniform and nanostructured, that directly interact with the materials. For 2D materials that are only one or a few atoms thick, the interaction with the environment can be remarkably efficient. This review summarizes the three degrees of freedom of this interaction: weak coupling, strong coupling, and multi-functionality. Also, it reviews a relatively timing concept of engineering that directly applied to the 2D materials by patterning. Benefiting from the burgeoning development of nanophotonics, the engineering of photonic environments provides a versatile and creative methodology of reshaping light-matter interaction in 2D materials.