Computational appraisal of gender representativeness in popular movies

TL;DR

This study employs automated computational methods to analyze gender representation in popular movies over three decades, revealing under-representation of women, temporal improvements, and gender-based spatial asymmetries in scenes.

Contribution

It introduces a large-scale, automated approach to quantify gender representation in movies, providing detailed analysis across genres, budgets, and audience metrics.

Findings

Women are under-represented on screen.

Temporal trend shows increasing gender fairness.

Significant spatial and compositional gender asymmetries.

Abstract

Gender representation in mass media has long been mainly studied by qualitatively analyzing content. This article illustrates how automated computational methods may be used in this context to scale up such empirical observations and increase their resolution and significance. We specifically apply a face and gender detection algorithm on a broad set of popular movies spanning more than three decades to carry out a large-scale appraisal of the on-screen presence of women and men. Beyond the confirmation of a strong under-representation of women, we exhibit a clear temporal trend towards a fairer representativeness. We further contrast our findings with respect to movie genre, budget, and various audience-related features such as movie gross and user ratings. We lastly propose a fine description of significant asymmetries in the mise-en-sc\`ene and mise-en-cadre of characters in relation to their gender and the spatial composition of a given frame.