Semi-device independent randomness from d-outcome continuous-variable detection

TL;DR

This paper introduces a semi-device independent protocol using d-outcome measurements with BPSK, demonstrating theoretical advantages over binary schemes and analyzing experimental feasibility with homodyne and heterodyne detection.

Contribution

It presents a novel many-outcomes semi-device independent scheme based on energy assumptions, outperforming standard binary schemes in certified random bits.

Findings

d-outcome system certifies more random bits than binary schemes

Homodyne and heterodyne detection schemes are compared

Experimental feasibility is discussed considering imperfections

Abstract

Recently, semi-device independent protocols have attracted increasing attention, guaranteeing security with few hypotheses and experimental simplicity. In this paper, we demonstrate a many-outcomes scheme with the binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) for a semi-device independent protocol based on the energy assumption. We show in theory that the number of certified random bits of the d-outcomes system outperforms the standard scheme (binary-outcomes). Furthermore, we compare the results of two well-known measurement schemes, homodyne and heterodyne detection. Lastly, taking into account the experimental imperfections, we discuss the experimental feasibility of the d-outcome design.