The Djorgovski-Gurzadyan dark energy integral equation and the Hubble diagram

TL;DR

This paper explores a model linking dark energy density to quantum vacuum fluctuations, deriving a differential equation for the co-moving horizon, and constructing a Hubble diagram that aligns well with observational data up to high redshifts.

Contribution

It introduces a new approach based on the Gurzadyan-Xue model to predict cosmic distances and compare with standard $\\Lambda$CDM predictions using supernova and gamma-ray burst data.

Findings

The model fits observational data up to redshift $z \simeq 9$.

The derived Hubble diagram matches $\\Lambda$CDM predictions.

The Hubble parameter models intersect at $z=0.4018$.

Abstract

We consider the observational aspects of the value of dark energy density from quantum vacuum fluctuations based initially on the Gurzadyan-Xue model. We reduce the Djorgovski-Gurzadyan integral equation to a differential equation for the co-moving horizon and then, by means of the obtained explicit form for the luminosity distance, we construct the Hubble diagram for two classes of observational samples. For supernova and gamma-ray burst data we show that this approach provides viable predictions for distances up to $z \simeq 9$, quantitatively at least as good as those provided by the lambda cold dark matter ($\Lambda$CDM) model. The Hubble parameter dependence $H(z)$ of the two models also reveals mutual crossing at $z=0.4018$, the interpretation of which is less evident.