Scalar resonance in graviton-graviton scattering at high-energies: the graviball

TL;DR

This paper investigates high-energy graviton-graviton scattering, introducing a unitarized S-matrix approach that reveals a scalar resonance called the graviball, which could have observable effects at accessible energy scales.

Contribution

The study presents a novel unitarization method for graviton scattering amplitudes that removes infrared divergences and predicts a new scalar resonance, the graviball, with potential phenomenological implications.

Findings

Identification of a scalar graviton resonance (graviball) as a pole in the S-wave amplitude.

The graviball resonance may manifest at energies below the UV cutoff.

Potential phenomenological effects similar to the sigma resonance in QCD.

Abstract

We study graviton-graviton scattering in partial-wave amplitudes after unitarizing their Born terms. In order to apply S-matrix techniques, based on unitarity and analyticity, we introduce an S-matrix associated to this resummation that is free of infrared divergences. This is achieved by removing the diverging phase factor calculated by Weinberg that multiplies the S matrix, and that stems from the virtual infrared gravitons. A scalar graviton-graviton resonance with vacuum quantum numbers (J^{PC}=0^{++}) is obtained as a pole in the nonperturbative S-wave amplitude, which we call the {\it graviball}. Its resonant effects along the physical real-s axis may peak at values substantially lower than the UV cutoff squared of the theory. For some scenarios, this phenomenon could have phenomenological consequences at relatively low-energy scales, similarly to the \sigma resonance in QCD.