The quest and hope of Majorana zero modes in topological superconductor for fault-tolerant quantum computing: an introductory overview

TL;DR

This paper provides an introductory overview of Majorana zero modes in topological superconductors, highlighting their potential for fault-tolerant quantum computing through non-Abelian anyons and zero-energy bound states.

Contribution

It summarizes theoretical proposals and the quest for scalable topological quantum computers utilizing Majorana fermions in superconducting systems.

Findings

Majorana fermions can act as qubits with fault-tolerance.

Zero modes are predicted in topological superconductors.

Potential platforms for realizing Majorana modes are discussed.

Abstract

Ettore Majorana, in his short life, unintendedly has uncovered the most profound problem in quantum computation by his discovery of Majorana fermion, a particle which is its own anti-particle. Owing to its non-Abelian exchange statistics, Majorana fermions may act as a qubit for a universal quantum computer which is fault-tolerant. The existence of such particle is predicted in mid-gap states (zero modes) of a topological superconductor as bound states that have a highly entangled degenerate ground state. This introductory overview will focus on the simplest theoretical proposals of Majorana fermions for topological quantum computing in superconducting systems, emphasizing the quest from the scalability problem of quantum computer to its possible solution with topological quantum computer employing non-Abelian anyons on various platforms of certain Majorana fermion signature encountered.