Benchmarking Quantum State Transfer on Quantum Devices using Spatio-Temporal Steering

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new benchmark for quantum state transfer based on spatio-temporal steering, revealing non-classicality and assessing device performance with experimental validation on IBM and QuTech quantum devices.

Contribution

The work proposes a novel non-classicality benchmark for quantum state transfer using spatio-temporal steering and applies it to real quantum devices for performance evaluation.

Findings

Spatio-temporal steerability decreases with circuit depth.

Reduction in steerability aligns with noise models.

Provides a method to estimate signaling effects from errors.

Abstract

Quantum state transfer (QST) provides a method to send arbitrary quantum states from one system to another. Such a concept is crucial for transmitting quantum information into the quantum memory, quantum processor, and quantum network. The standard benchmark of QST is the average fidelity between the prepared and received states. In this work, we provide a new benchmark which reveals the non-classicality of QST based on spatio-temporal steering (STS). More specifically, we show that the local-hidden-state (LHS) model in STS can be viewed as the classical strategy of state transfer. Therefore, we can quantify the non-classicality of QST process by measuring the spatio-temporal steerability. We then apply the spatio-temporal steerability measurement technique to benchmark quantum devices including the IBM quantum experience and QuTech quantum inspire under QST tasks. The experimental results show that the spatio-temporal steerability decreases as the circuit depth increases, and the reduction agrees with the noise model, which refers to the accumulation of errors during the QST process. Moreover, we provide a quantity to estimate the signaling effect which could result from gate errors or intrinsic non-Markovian effect of the devices.