Experimental validation of a three-dimensional heat transfer model within the scala tympani with application to magnetic cochlear implant surgery

TL;DR

This study experimentally validates a 3D heat transfer model of the scala tympani to ensure safe magnetic cochlear implant surgery by preventing thermal trauma during magnet detachment.

Contribution

The paper introduces a validated 3D heat transfer model for the scala tympani, enabling accurate prediction of safe input power levels during magnetic cochlear implant procedures.

Findings

Measured and predicted temperatures agree within 6% error.

Maximum safe input power is approximately half of the power needed to detach the magnet.

The model can guide thermally safe surgical procedures.

Abstract

Magnetic guidance of cochlear implants is a promising technique to reduce the risk of physical trauma during surgery. In this approach, a magnet attached to the tip of the implant electrode array is guided within the scala tympani using a magnetic field. After surgery, the magnet must be detached from the implant electrode array via localized heating and removed from the scala tympani which may cause thermal trauma. Objectives: The objective of this work is to experimentally validate a three-dimensional (3D) heat transfer model of the scala tympani which will enable accurate predictions of the maximum safe input power to avoid localized hyperthermia when detaching the magnet from the implant electrode array. Methods: Experiments are designed using a rigorous scale analysis and performed by measuring transient temperatures in a 3D-printed scala tympani phantom subjected to a sudden change in its thermal environment and localized heating via a small heat source. Results: The measured and predicted temperatures are in good agreement with an error less than 6$\%$. Conclusions: The validated 3D heat transfer model of the scala tympani is finally applied to evaluate the maximum safe input power to avoid localized hyperthermia when detaching the magnet. For the most conservative case where all boundaries except the insertion opening are adiabatic, the power required to release the magnet attached to the implant electrode array by 1 mm$^3$ of paraffin is approximately half of the predicted maximum safe input power. Significance: This work will enable the design of a thermally safe magnetic cochlear implant surgery procedure.