The Smoluchowski Ensemble: Statistical Mechanics of Aggregation

TL;DR

This paper develops a thermodynamic framework for irreversible binary aggregation, introducing the Smoluchowski ensemble and analyzing its properties, stability, and phase transitions with exact and approximate results.

Contribution

It constructs a thermodynamic ensemble for aggregation processes, linking probability measures to the Smoluchowski equation and deriving new stability and transition criteria.

Findings

Derived scaling expressions for general kernels.

Obtained closed-form solutions for specific kernels.

Provided criteria for sol-gel transition and post-gel distribution.

Abstract

We present a rigorous thermodynamic treatment of irreversible binary aggregation. We construct the Smoluchowski ensemble as the set of discrete finite distributions generated from the same initial state of all monomers upon fixed number merging events and define a probability measure on this ensemble such that the mean distribution in the mean-field approximation is governed by the Smoluchowski equation. In the scaling limit this ensemble gives rise to a set of relationships completely analogous to those of familiar statistical thermodynamics. The central element of the thermodynamic treatment is the selection functional, a functional of feasible distributions that connects the probability of distribution to the specific details of the aggregation model. We obtain scaling expressions for general kernels and closed-form results for the special case of the constant, sum and product kernel. We study the stability of the most probable distribution, provide criteria for the sol-gel transition and obtain the distribution in the post-gel region by simple thermodynamic arguments.