La pol\'emica del multiverso

TL;DR

This paper reviews the debates and theoretical background surrounding the multiverse concept, discussing cosmological ideas, observational challenges, and the evolution of the multiverse hypothesis including the anthropic principle and causally disconnected domains.

Contribution

It synthesizes existing literature on multiverse controversies, tracing the historical development and conceptual foundations of multiverse theories in cosmology.

Findings

Summarizes key positions in multiverse debates

Explains the role of the anthropic principle

Discusses observational limitations in cosmology

Abstract

This paper offers a synthesis of the positions in the literature regarding controversies about the multiverse. After reviewing some simple elements of modern cosmology and its observational limitations, we will present the history of the ideas that led, first, to the proposal of the anthropic principle and, years later, to the possible existence of causally disconnected domains, eventually endowed with their own laws and fundamental constants, not all compatible with the existence of observers, which were globally baptized with the confusing name of parallel universes or multiverse.