An Explanation for 13 consecutive days activities of Mrk 421
Y. G. Zheng, C.Y. Yang, Shi-Ju Kang, J. M. Bai

TL;DR
This paper proposes a model incorporating linear electrostatic acceleration via reconnection electric fields to explain the spectral energy distribution shifts and orphan flaring observed in Mrk 421 over 13 days, challenging traditional models.
Contribution
It introduces a novel particle transport model with electrostatic acceleration to interpret spectral evolution and orphan flaring in blazar Mrk 421.
Findings
Electrostatic acceleration explains spectral peak shifts.
The electric-to-magnetic field ratio influences spectral evolution.
Peak frequency may be a temporary blazar characteristic.
Abstract
It is surprising to find a fact for migration in the peak positions of synchrotron spectra energy distribution component during in the activity epochs of Mrk 421, accompanying with an orphan flaring at the X-ray and GeV-TeV -ray bands. A geometric interpretation and standard shock or stochastic acceleration models of blazar emission have difficulty reproducing these observed behaviours. The present paper introduces a linear acceleration by integrating the reconnection electric field into the particle transport model for the observed behaviours of Mrk 421. We note that the strong evidence for evolution of multi-wavelength spectral energy distribution characteristic by shifting the peak frequency, accompanying with an orphan flaring at the X-ray and GeV-TeV -ray bands provides an important electrostatic acceleration diagnostic in blazar jet. Assuming suitable model…
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