Wheeler-DeWitt equation rejects quantum effects of grown-up universes as a candidate for dark energy

TL;DR

This study uses the Wheeler-DeWitt equation and de Broglie-Bohm approach to analyze quantum effects in a growing universe, concluding these effects are insufficient to explain dark energy.

Contribution

It introduces quantum modified Friedmann equations derived from WDWE and shows quantum effects diminish as the universe expands, challenging their role as dark energy.

Findings

Quantum potential drives early universe inflation.

Quantum effects decrease rapidly with universe growth.

Quantum effects are too small to cause acceleration.

Abstract

In this paper, we study the changes of quantum effects of a growing universe by using Wheeler-DeWitt equation (WDWE) together with de Broglie-Bohm quantum trajectory approach. From WDWE, we obtain the quantum modified Friedmann equations which have additional terms called quantum potential compared to standard Friedmann equations. The quantum potential governs the behavior of the early universe, providing energy for inflation, while it decreases rapidly as the universe grows. The quantum potential of the grown-up universe is much smaller than that required for accelerating expansion. This indicates that quantum effects of our universe cannot be treated as a candidate for dark energy.