Structured hetero-symmetric quantum droplets

TL;DR

This paper predicts the formation of stable hetero-symmetric quantum droplets in binary Bose-Einstein condensates, revealing new stable configurations with different vorticities and multipolarities, expanding the understanding of quantum droplet stability.

Contribution

It introduces the concept of hetero-symmetric quantum droplets with diverse vorticities and multipolarities, demonstrating their stability and rich family structures in binary Bose-Einstein condensates.

Findings

Stable hetero-symmetric quantum droplets can have flat-top shapes.

Vorticity differences do not compromise stability if one component's norm is large.

Extended stability domains are found for dipole and quadrupole quantum droplets.

Abstract

We predict that Lee-Huang-Yang effect makes it possible to create stable quantum droplets (QDs) in binary Bose-Einstein condensates with a hetero-symmetric or hetero-multipole structure, i.e., different vorticities or multipolarities in their components. The QDs feature flat-top shapes when either chemical potential \mu_1,2 of the droplet approaches an edge of a triangular existence domain in the (\mu_1,\mu_2) plane. QDs with different vorticities of their components are stable against azimuthal perturbations, provided that the norm of one component is large. We also present multipole states, in which the interaction with a strong fundamental component balances the repulsion between poles with opposite signs in the other component, leading to the formation of stable bound states. Extended stability domains are obtained for dipole QDs; tripole ones exist but are unstable, while quadrupoles are stable in a narrow region. The results uncover the existence of much richer families of stable binary QDs in comparison to states with identical components.