Experimental investigation on the susceptibility of minimal networks to a change in topology and number of oscillators

TL;DR

This study experimentally examines how the number, coupling strength, and topology of minimal oscillator networks influence their collective dynamics, revealing phenomena like synchronization, amplitude death, and chimera states, with implications for real-world systems.

Contribution

It provides the first experimental analysis of minimal candle-flame oscillator networks, highlighting the effects of coupling strength and topology on global behaviour and discovering partial amplitude death.

Findings

Strongly coupled oscillators show in-phase synchrony and amplitude death regardless of topology.

Weakly coupled oscillators exhibit intermittent multiple stable states, including chimeras.

Closed-loop networks maintain synchronization longer than open-loop networks.

Abstract

Understanding the global dynamical behaviour of a network of coupled oscillators has been a topic of immense research in many fields of science and engineering. Various factors govern the resulting dynamical behaviour of such networks, including the number of oscillators and their coupling schemes. Although these factors are seldom significant in large populations, a small change in them can drastically affect the global behaviour in small populations. In this paper, we perform an experimental investigation on the effect of these factors on the coupled behaviour of a minimal network of candle-flame oscillators. We observe that strongly coupled oscillators exhibit the global behaviour of in-phase synchrony and amplitude death, irrespective of the number and the topology of oscillators. However, when they are weakly coupled, their global behaviour exhibits the intermittent occurrence of multiple stable states in time. In addition to states of clustering, chimera, and weak chimera, we report the experimental discovery of partial amplitude death in a network of candle-flame oscillators. We also show that closed-loop networks tend to hold global synchronization for longer duration as compared to open-loop networks. We believe that our results would find application in real-life problems such as power grids, neuronal networks, and seizure dynamics.