Enhancing Fidelity of Quantum Cryptography using Maximally Entangled Qubits

TL;DR

This paper presents a method to improve the fidelity of quantum cryptography by utilizing maximally entangled qubit pairs and graph states, demonstrating a 15-20% fidelity increase in experiments on IBM Quantum devices.

Contribution

The authors introduce a novel approach using graph states and entanglement measures to enhance quantum cryptography fidelity, validated through practical IBM Quantum experiments.

Findings

Achieved 15-20% higher fidelity in quantum encryption and decryption.

Utilized graph states and negativity measurement to select maximally entangled qubits.

Validated the method with experiments on IBM Quantum hardware.

Abstract

Securing information transmission is critical today. However, with rapidly developing powerful quantum technologies, conventional cryptography techniques are becoming more prone to attacks each day. New techniques in the realm of quantum cryptography to preserve security against powerful attacks are slowly emerging. What is important though now is the fidelity of the cryptography, because security with massive processing power is not worth much if it is not correct. Focusing on this issue, we propose a method to enhance the fidelity of quantum cryptography using maximally entangled qubit pairs. For doing so, we created a graph state along a path consisting of all the qubits of ibmqx4 and ibmq_16_melbourne respectively and we measure the strength of the entanglement using negativity measurement of the qubit pairs. Then, using the qubits with maximal entanglement, we send the modified encryption key to the receiver. The key is modified by permutation and superdense coding before transmission. The receiver reverts the process and gets the actual key. We carried out the complete experiment in the IBM Quantum Experience project. Our result shows a 15% to 20% higher fidelity of encryption and decryption than a random selection of qubits.