Incompatible coordinate algebra representations as the origin of particle generations

TL;DR

This paper proposes a novel algebraic framework that naturally explains the existence of three fermion generations without predicting extra particles, addressing limitations of traditional grand unified theories.

Contribution

It introduces an alternative algebraic approach that accounts for fermion generations while avoiding additional unobserved particles and processes.

Findings

Provides a new algebraic model for fermion generations

Eliminates the need for extra unobserved bosonic states

Offers a cleaner explanation for observed particle structure

Abstract

The success of the Higgs mechanism in the standard model has led to the speculation that the standard model gauge group might arise through an analogous breaking of a yet more unified group. Such `grand unified theories' have the advantage of unifying both the gauge structure and fermion representations of the standard model. Unfortunately, the theories that most elegantly unify the fermions, without predicting extra unobserved fermion states, do not explain the existence of the three fermion generations. They also typically predict a proliferation of bosonic states, which lead to so-far unobserved processes like proton decay. In this paper we introduce an alternative explanation for why one might only observe a subgroup of a larger `unified' group in nature. The approach we introduce gives rise naturally to a generation structure without the appearance of unwanted fermion states, and is cleaner in the sense that it avoids the usual proliferation of unobserved bosonic states and resulting unobserved processes.