Space-time breather solution for nonlinear Klein-Gordon equations

TL;DR

This paper investigates space-time breather solutions in nonlinear Klein-Gordon equations with periodic boundary conditions, revealing their existence and properties through high-precision numerical methods, and highlighting their significance in sub-atomic nonlinear dynamics.

Contribution

It introduces the existence conditions for space-time breather solutions in nonlinear Klein-Gordon equations with periodic boundaries using high-precision numerical schemes.

Findings

Breather solutions are periodic in both space and time.

Existence conditions for space-time breather solutions are established.

Compact manifolds within the infinite-dimensional dynamical system are identified.

Abstract

Klein-Gordon equations describe the dynamics of waves/particles in sub-atomic scales. For nonlinear Klein-Gordon equations, their breather solutions are usually known as time periodic solutions with the vanishing spatial-boundary condition. The existence of breather solution is known for the Sine-Gordon equations, while the Sine-Gordon equations are also known as the soliton equation. The breather solutions is a certain kind of time periodic solutions that are not only play an essential role in the bridging path to the chaotic dynamics, but provide multi-dimensional closed loops inside phase space. In this paper, based on the high-precision numerical scheme, the appearance of breather mode is studied for nonlinear Klein-Gordon equations with periodic boundary condition. The spatial periodic boundary condition is imposed, so that the breathing-type solution in our scope is periodic with respect both to time and space. In conclusion, the existence condition of space-time periodic solution is presented, and the compact manifolds inside the infinite-dimensional dynamical system is shown. The space-time breather solutions of Klein-Gordon equations can be a fundamental building block for the sub-atomic nonlinear dynamics.