Exploring the potentiality of standard sirens to probe cosmic opacity at high redshifts

TL;DR

This paper investigates the use of future gravitational wave data, combined with supernovae and gamma-ray burst observations, to measure cosmic opacity at high redshifts, employing nonparametric methods and simulations.

Contribution

It introduces a novel approach using Gaussian processes and simulated data to constrain cosmic opacity at high redshifts more stringently than previous methods.

Findings

Future GW measurements can effectively probe cosmic opacity at high redshifts.

The proposed nonparametric method tests spatial homogeneity of cosmic transparency.

Constraints on cosmic opacity are more stringent than previous results.

Abstract

In this work, using the Gaussian process, we explore the potentiality of future gravitational wave (GW) measurements to probe cosmic opacity at high redshifts through comparing its opacity-free luminosity distance (LD) with the opacity-dependent one from the combination of Type Ia supernovae (SNIa) and gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). The GW data, SNIa and GRB data are simulated from the measurements of the future Einstein Telescope, the actual Pantheon compilation and the latest observation of GRBs compiled by L. Amati {\it et al}, respectively. A nonparametric method is proposed to probe the spatial homogeneity of cosmic transparency at high redshift by comparing the LD reconstructed from the GW data with that reconstructed from the Pantheon and GRB data. In addition, the cosmic opacity is tested by using the parametrization for the optical depth, and the results show that the constraints on cosmic opacity are more stringent than the previous ones. It shows that the future GW measurements may be used as an important tool to probe the cosmic opacity in the high redshift region.