Measurements of ${}^{nat}Pb(p,xn){}^{201-207}Bi$, ${}^{204}Pb(p,1-4n){}^{201-204}Bi$ and ${}^{206}Pb(p,3n){}^{204}Bi$ cross-sections at astrophysical energies ($E_p \leq 30 \, MeV$)

TL;DR

This study measures specific Bi isotope production cross-sections from lead isotopes at astrophysical energies, compares results with prior data and models, and discusses implications for nucleosynthesis in stellar environments.

Contribution

First experimental determination of certain Bi isotope cross-sections at astrophysical energies and comparison with theoretical models, highlighting discrepancies and nuclear decay data improvements.

Findings

Identification of a new gamma transition from ${}^{204m}{Pb}$

Discrepancies between experimental data and TALYS calculations

Updated gamma emission data for ${}^{205,206}Bi$ decays

Abstract

Cross-sections for ${}^{nat}Pb(p,xn){}^{201-207}Bi$, ${}^{204}Pb(p,1-4n){}^{201-204}Bi$ and ${}^{206}Pb(p,3n){}^{204}Bi$ reactions have been determined in the astrophysical energy range $20-30 \, MeV$. The analysis were performed by $\gamma$-spectroscopy associated with half-lives measurements. The results were compared with previously experimental data, when available, and with theoretical calculations performed using TALYS code. We report a possible new $\gamma$ transition from ${}^{204m}{Pb}$ and other theoretical discrepancies, probably due overestimation of the Coulomb barrier and neutron binding energy. Also reported are new determinations of the energies and intensities of the $\gamma$'s emitted in the decays of ${}^{205,206}Bi$. We discuss possible implications for the r/rp-processes in neutrino-driven wind in supernovae and neutron stars mergers.