Oceanic non-Kolmogorov optical turbulence and spherical wave propagation

TL;DR

This paper develops a new model for non-Kolmogorov optical turbulence in oceans, incorporating temperature and salinity effects, and analyzes its impact on spherical wave coherence, advancing understanding of underwater light propagation.

Contribution

It generalizes the oceanic spatial power spectrum for non-Kolmogorov turbulence using two scalars, enabling more accurate modeling of water turbulence effects on wave coherence.

Findings

Coherence radius varies significantly with non-Kolmogorov exponents.

The new spectrum accounts for anisotropic and scalar correlations in turbulence.

Numerical results highlight the influence of temperature and salinity on wave statistics.

Abstract

Light propagation in turbulent media is conventionally studied with the help of the spatio-temporal power spectra of the refractive index fluctuations. In particular, for natural water turbulence several models for the spatial power spectra have been developed based on the classic, Kolmogorov postulates. However, as currently widely accepted, non-Kolmogorov turbulent regime is also common in the stratified flow fields, as suggested by recent developments in atmospheric optics. Until now all the models developed for the non-Kolmogorov optical turbulence were pertinent to atmospheric research and, hence, involved only one advected scalar, e.g., temperature. We generalize the oceanic spatial power spectrum, based on two advected scalars, temperature and salinity concentration, to the non-Kolmogorov turbulence regime, with the help of the so-called "Upper-Bound Limitation" and by adopting the concept of spectral correlation of two advected scalars. The proposed power spectrum can handle general non-Kolmogorov, anisotropic turbulence but reduces to Kolmogorov, isotropic case if the power law exponents of temperature and salinity are set to 11/3 and anisotropy coefficient is set to unity. To show the application of the new spectrum, we derive the expression for the second-order mutual coherence function of a spherical wave and examine its coherence radius (in both scalar and vector forms) to characterize the turbulent disturbance. Our numerical calculations show that the statistics of the spherical wave vary substantially with temperature and salinity non-Kolmogorov power law exponents and temperature-salinity spectral correlation coefficient. The introduced spectrum is envisioned to become of significance for theoretical analysis and experimental measurements of non-classic natural water double-diffusion turbulent regimes.