Dark Fluxes from Accreting Black Holes and Direct Detections

TL;DR

This paper explores how accreting black holes might produce detectable dark matter fluxes through various mechanisms, including dark matter acceleration and superradiance, but finds current sources unlikely to explain observed excesses.

Contribution

It introduces new mechanisms by which black holes can generate or accelerate dark matter particles, including superradiance effects in primordial black holes.

Findings

Dark fluxes from AGNs and BHBs are likely too weak to explain XENON1T excess.

Black holes can accelerate heavy dark matter particles to high speeds.

Superradiance in primordial black holes may contribute to keV dark matter flux.

Abstract

We discuss the possibility that accreting black hole systems can be sources for dark matter flux through several different mechanisms. We firstly discuss two types of systems: coronal thermal plasmas around supermassive black holes in active galactic nuclei (AGNs), and accretion disks of stellar-mass X-ray black hole binaries (BHBs). We explore how these black hole systems may produce keV light dark matter fluxes and find that the dark fluxes from those sources might be too weak to account for the current XENON1T excess. On the other hand, black holes can be good accelerators to accrete and boost heavy dark matter particles. If considering collisions or dark electromagnetism, those particles can then escape and reach the benchmark speed of 0.1c at the detector. We also extend the black hole mass region to primordial black holes (PBHs) and discuss the possibility of contributing to keV light dark flux via superradiance of PBHs.