On-demand generation of dark soliton trains in Bose-Einstein condensates

TL;DR

This paper presents a method for on-demand generation of dark soliton trains in one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates using matter-wave interference, with analytical and numerical analysis of the initial conditions' effects.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analytical framework for controlling dark soliton formation via initial configurations, validated by numerical simulations of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation.

Findings

Initial box size controls soliton number, size, and velocity.

Initial phase influences the parity of the soliton solutions.

Analytical predictions match numerical simulations with high accuracy.

Abstract

Matter-wave interference mechanisms in one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates that allow for the controlled generation of dark soliton trains upon choosing suitable box-type initial configurations are described. First, the direct scattering problem for the defocusing nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation with nonzero boundary conditions and general box-type initial configurations is discussed, and expressions for the discrete spectrum corresponding to the dark soliton excitations generated by the dynamics are obtained. It is found that the size of the initial box directly affects the number, size and velocity of the solitons, while the initial phase determines the parity of the solutions. The analytical results are compared to those of numerical simulations of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation, both in the absence and in the presence of a harmonic trap. The numerical results bear out the analytical results with excellent agreement.